Thursday, July 5, 2012

AP Art History Chapter 8 Study Guide

   Here is the answer key for the "Gardner's Art Through Ages" chapter 8 study guide. This will be a big, BIG help to review for the AP Art History exam. Pss, I got a 5 on the exam with the help of this study guide!

SHRINES, STATUES, AND SCROLLS
THE ART OF EARLY JAPAN
TEXT PAGES 216-231


     Define or identify the following:

      Kami. A spiritual being or deity

      mortise and tenon technique used in building the Ise Shrine which the wallboards were slipped into slots in the pillars.

      ridge pole the beam at the crest of the roofs      

      Shinto pre-buddhist beliefs that developed in the Yayoi period

      Amida the Buddha of immeasurable light and infinite life, ruler of the Western Pure Land

      Buddha triad Buddha flanked by two bodhisattvas

      Mandorla a lotus-petal shaped nimbus

Handscroll pictures alternated with text             

Tale of Genji Japan’s most admired literary classic written around 1000 by Murasaki Shikubu. Heian court culture

      Torii Busshi sculptor who was a descendant of a Chinese immigrant and sculptured a Buddha triad

      Yamato-e native-style paintings of Japan. Bright mineral pigments, lack of emphasis on strong brushwork, general flatness

    1. What was the main art form of the Jomon culture?

      Cord markings, technique that the Jomon culture used to decorate earthenware vessels.

    2. How do Jomon vessels differ from Neolithic Chinese examples?

      Japanese vessels are extremely thick and heavy. The harder, thinner, and lighter Neolithic Chinese earthenware emphasizes basic ceramic form and painted decoration.

   3. Name the two cultures that had the strongest influence on the development of Japanese art.

      a. Jomon Period

      b Yayoi and Kofun Periods


   4. What was the purpose of the great tumuli that were built during the Kufan period?

      Recall earlier Jomon practices of placing the dead on sacred mountains

      How did haniwa relate to these structures?

      Burial practices at Japanese tumuli included the placement of unglazed ceramic sculptures, “haniwa” on and around the pit grave mounds.

   5. Name the largest and most important Shinto shrine in Japan.

      Ise Shrine (Kofun Period)

      What Japanese custom assures us that the present building looks pretty much like the first and original one?

      The location, use, and reconstruction every 20 years reflect the major characteristics of Shinto as a sacred space, ritual renewal, and purification.

   6. What culture provided the mold for the Horyu-ji and Todai-ji temples complexes?

      Periodically repaired, allowed the Chinese models.

   7. Describe the type of image that was introduced during the Heian period that reflected the influence of Esoteric Buddhism.

      Taizokai of Ryokai Mandara, among the best preserved in Japan, composed of 12 zones, each representing one of the various dimenstions of Buddha nature.

   8. What type of birds are perched on the ends of the ridge poles of the Phoenix Hall shown in FIG. 8-12 and what is their meaning?

      Two bronze phoenixes, these birds were believed to alight on lands properly ruled. They represented imperial might, and sometimes associated with the empress.

   9. List three characteristics of the Yamato‑e style seen in the Genji scrolls (FIG. 8-13).

a.   native subjects and bright mineral pigments

b.   lack of emphasis on strong brushwork

c.   general flatness

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